Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a gum disease (or disease) associated with inflammation or infection of the gums. The periodontium is the supporting tissue of a tooth, and is composed in particular of the gums, and also of the alveolar bone, ligament and cementum péridentaire. If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress in affecting the rest of the periodontium. It is called periodontitis and then it becomes a disease more difficult to cure.

Causes
The major cause of gingivitis is the long-term deposition of dental plaque. It is composed of bacteria, viruses and parasites which cause microscopic aggression against the gums, causing inflammation (red gum). Good measures of oral hygiene (brushing and flossing) should prevent gingivitis continuously removing the plaque that forms after each meal.

The scale is also composed of bacteria that infect the gums, and can not be eliminated by dental hygiene at home. But good hygiene can significantly slow the formation of tartar. To remove the accumulation of it, it must therefore be scaling in dental practice, usually at a frequency of twice a year.

There are other factors that can lead to gingivitis:

hormonal changes in the blood, as in pregnancy (pregnancy gingivitis);
taking certain medications in this family of immunosuppressants and anti;
certain systemic diseases such as diabetes, leukemia or AIDS;
dental crown unsuitable;
clogging (seal) ill-suited;
overlapped teeth because they make more difficult the removal of dental plaque by brushing.
Classification
Simple gingivitis is characterized by reddish gums, swollen, shiny and smooth. It bleeds easily on contact, especially when brushing teeth, and sometimes even bleeding spontaneously. You can sometimes see a plaque or tartar around the teeth. A healthy gums are normally pink and looks like an orange peel, which confirms that it is firm and committed to the alveolar bone.

The necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is described by one who destroys tissue, forming a kind of crater between the teeth. It is usually caused by a very serious illness, a very significant stress, or a weakened immune system as in patients suffering from AIDS. This type of gingivitis is usually very painful.

Hypertrophic gingivitis or hyperplastic is described by a huge increase in the volume of the gums, sometimes completely hiding teeth. This type of gingivitis is usually caused by taking certain drugs such as Dilantin or ADALAT.