1.) cavities or tooth decay
In the oral cavity is a warm moist environment and micro-organisms which will offer an ideal habitat. Some of these micro-organisms form a tough, solid adhesive coating on the teeth. Plaque, consisting of a water-insoluble matrix of many sugar building blocks exists. Such mechanically protects build mainly streptococci sucrose (sugar) in a short time to acids (eg lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid). Thus, the pH quickly under the critical point of 5.7 and the saliva may no longer be sufficient composition. The tough plaque still favors the whole. The acids can now directly attack tooth enamel and decalcify or demineralize. It can be used for training chalk white points of the so-called chalk stains. The tooth decay is now with the first visible signs. Cancels now initially contiguous surface layer of the tooth enamel, and is the "hole in the tooth caries manifest.
Important factors that prevent dental caries:
- The saliva, the acids abpuffert (weaken) and as a detergent food away. By then swallowing will reduce the harmful germs.
- Fluorides are salts of the chemical element fluorine, for example in the bone (hydroxyapatite) is contained and thus belongs to the essential trace elements. Fluorides eg from toothpastes and calcium and phosphate from the saliva lead in the chalk mark of Apatite training, making the tooth enamel is remineralized or hardened.
Factors for increased risk of tooth:
- Presence of the bacteria Streptococcus mutans-group
- Excessive enjoyment sugar (sucrose) and / or other fermentable carbohydrates
- A long time these substances contact with the teeth
- Individual features such as: - inadequate rinsing and buffer effect of saliva - bad or negligent dental and oral care - the type of micro-organisms
ALSO:
- There are caries risk patients.
- The most common cause is very much one kariesfördernde nutrition, especially regular consumption of sweets. This micro-organisms found in Streptococcus mutans-group against the best living conditions.
Caries tests: The dentist may, by means of special instructions for testing caries increased caries risk.
2.) Periodontitis / periodontosis:
The periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium (tooth holding apparatus). These include the gums, the tooth root surrounding bony dental specialist, as well as the root of skin. Many short tendon fibers of the root skin hold the tooth in the jawbone. As part of the gums called Saumzellen liability directly on the tooth enamel.
Just like dental caries already mentioned, once again, is the bacterial plaque or the plaque is the cause.
The plaque bacteria multiply very quickly and penetrate between teeth and gums On. Toxic metabolites of live and dead bacteria harmful to Saumzellen (Saumhäutchen) and loosen the adhesive tissue. Lymphocytes (inflammatory cells) also increase the tissue permeability, allowing bacteria and their toxins in the connective tissue of the gums can increasingly penetrate. So there is an inflammation of the gums, which is a reddening and swelling of breath. When brushing the gums bleeding quickly, but this is rarely painful.
The dentist called it initially appears harmless, superficial gingivitis as gingivitis. If the plaque is not removed, then the inflammation in the deep. There are gum pockets. By then deposited food bacterial growth will be further encouraged. The inflammation intensity increases and root skin and bones are damaged. The gum differs more and more back and encourages the free dental necks, which are now very sensitive and painful response.
From the gum inflammation or gingivitis, an inflammation of periodontal disease or tooth restraint apparatus developed.
Because of bone degradation are the teeth loosened or mechanically unstable and can fail. Severe forms of periodontal disease are very often associated with reduced body's own immune system (the body's own immune deficiency) in combination. Treatment by the dentist and oral hygiene conscious of the periodontitis patients can bring to a halt. The injured jaw bone, however, can not renew again!
Therefore, early detection and prompt treatment of periodontal disease is extremely important!
Prevention and treatment of inflammatory processes in the gums
1 The most thorough removal of bacterial dental coverings through regular tooth cleaning with the toothbrush and floss is the most effective way to maintain healthy gums.
2 zinc and tin, including salts of magnesium and copper are the opposite tartar formation. Zinkzitrat This will be particularly favorable, as long as it is liable to the plaque. Also pyrophosphates hinder and disrupt the plaque formation. These substances can only control the spread of tartar reduce but not eliminate them. Has the tartar once to correct his teeth fixed, it must by the dentist completely removed.
3, inflammation and bleeding gums preparations (solutions / rinses and toothpastes) with plant extracts such as myrrh, Ratanhia and essential oils (eg essential Salbeiöl) use. Also coming allantoin and vitamin A are used.
4 A local effect on the inflammatory events have Hexetidin and Chlorhexidindigluconat in various commercial products. Both substances inhibit bacterial growth. Lately, the solutions are also good for Zinnfluorids effective.
3) Nutrition
According to the WHO, the dental caries is one of the most common diseases at all, caused by improper eating habits, it is generally eaten too much sugar. This not only leads to tooth decay, but also other diseases such as cardiovascular disease favor. Nutritionally refined sugar is the inferior food attributed because he has no trace elements, minerals, vitamins and fiber.
Therefore, sugar, sweets, and in many fruit juices occurs be avoided. Better products are natural strength. Fruit chewing the increase salivation by about tenfold. This will remove the sugar quickly washed away.
Safe and recommend fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and unsweetened mineral waters. In second place are safe, for example, bread, butter, sausage, cheese, eggs and milk.
Zuckergesüßte beverages contain hidden calories and should therefore be energetic for the most people among us. Are better in any case, sugar-free and calorie-free or low-calorie beverage (about 250 Kjoule / liter). These offer the advantage that even with great thirst no unnecessary calories and simultaneously fermentable substrate for the bacteria in plaque avoided.
Note: Fruit juices and Süßmost (orange juice, grape juice, etc.) are inherently much sugar. Their sugar mixture may be made by the plaque bacteria acids dismantled.
Therefore: If you go to sugary drinks do not want to, you should note the following:
- Quick to drink, making the retention of sugar in the mouth shortened
- Under no circumstances should infants and toddlers to drink from the stand-alone or with a bottle drinking tubes are used.
- Sugar-free confectionery
- `` THE DENTAL SCREEN `` males with sweets, the sugar-free exchange of material, may, with the males with teeth''umbrella''of the action''tooth friendly eV Darmstadt''on the packaging and advertising.
4) The dental care in the different life
Infancy
- The diet should absolutely be respected now. The best is the breast milk.
- Advisable for bottle-feeding, teas and meals (Gläschennahung) are unsweetened products.
- With the brushing teeth (first teeth from around the 6th month) should be initiated as soon as possible begin.
- Supporting Fluoridgabe (in the form of soluble tablets) in the first and second year of 0.25 mg per day is recommended.
Infant / preschool child
- In a diet with fluoridated Jodsalz (since early 1992 on the market) or fluoridated water (eg Switzerland) and fluoride tablets waived.
- Dental hygiene is still very important because early milk malpositions loss of permanent teeth may lead.
- Toothpastes should always without fruit and sweetener to taste.
- A short children's toothbrush head with wide and short handles and plastic Multituftborsten (three to four and up to 2.5 cm long) is recommended.
- In the third year of life when needed dose of 0.5 mg of fluoride per day and fourth to the sixth year of life 0.75 mg fluoride daily
School children and adolescents
- Generally speaking, the education of children to a reasonable deal with candy individually. Even tooth ends or sugar-free candy is to be preferred. Sugary products should be considered to be eaten. Anyway, then brushing is recommended.
- Support for the dental school through regular dental visits (1 to 2 times per year) is important. Nor should the children of the sense of regular dental care explained.
- Are also preferable short head toothbrushes with Kunststoffmultituftborsten (initially dreireihig to 2.5 cm long, from 10 four years from 2.5 to 3.2 cm long.)
- From the age of seven doses of 1.0 mg fluoride daily.
Adults
- It should continue on a healthy diet should be respected. Fruits, vegetables and whole grain products are sticky foods such as dried fruit, banana and sugar confectionery preferable.
- Now gums are also increasingly suffering in the foreground. First signs of periodontal disease can occur. After serving as dental hygiene and fluoride (in toothpastes and specific solutions) the maintenance of healthy teeth and gums. It won control of the gums increasingly important. Bleeding gums despite regular brushing teeth? Are gum pockets have been formed? Can blood dark colored dyes tartar detected? This would be warning signals that a visit to the dentist is required so that the early stage of periodontal disease can be stopped.
- Recommended short head toothbrushes are made of plastic.
Older people
- Here it is important to remove old traditions false, because sooner Dental was largely unknown. Even among the elderly fluoride prevents the Zahnentkalkung before.
- Fixed Prosthesis such as crowns and bridges require a very intensive care. For example, the necks of the tooth with care überkronten teeth cleaned. Under the bridge links are easy food finds, for example, Shower with the mouth can be washed away.
- Gebißträger should be regularly Gebißreiniger and then use the cleaner remains removed by rinsing thoroughly. The clean the substances that can irritate the mouth and ignite.
- Pressure on agencies by prosthetic gum on the mouth and mucous membranes help essential oils. These protect against infections and are antibacterial.
The period of pregnancy
- In pregnancy there is a significantly increased susceptibility to gum inflammation. Therefore, it is especially on a careful oral hygiene and healthy diet are respected. An increased risk for tooth decay is not pregnant. Dental caries can not be inherited.
5) prophylaxis
The three main points for caries and Parodontitisprohylaxe are:
As accurate as possible and regular dental and oral care
Zahnbewußte nutrition
Fluoride application
Two options are available to the public on the prevention of tooth and gum disease are available.
1. The individual or personal prophylaxis
In collaboration with the dental surgeries performed, the dentist will carry out protective measures (such as removal of tartar), incipient tooth damage and treat periodontal disease, but especially important advice on personal health and preservation of the teeth and gums give. In the infant and toddler age is a part of this task, so expertise and advice from the pediatrician to take over his. If necessary he will visit the dentist recommended. The recommended measures will be implemented at home.
2. Prophylaxis group
This serves to smooth coverage of preschool and school children and is supported by the school doctor. This can be achieved even children, at home to little or no dental care will be mentored.
6) dental cleaning and oral care
Toothbrush
We recommend a so-called Multituft toothbrush (large short-bristle brush head) with a short head, rounded bristles and the strength of medium-hard to soft. From natural bristles is discouraged, because in her hair Channel bacteria can settle. Even plastic bristles are more compact and stable, resilient and hygienic. Children's toothbrushes have a small head and a children's hands are particularly suitable handle.
Attention: toothbrush does not use too long!
A toothbrush, which is used several times a day, should not exceed 2 to 3 months be used! If the bristles of the shape and they are scrubby, the toothbrush is unfit. (200 cleaning operations / toothbrush).
Electric toothbrushes do not offer any advantage over the traditional manual toothbrushes. However, you can help children, brushing playful interesting to learn. The results of both cleaning methods are equivalent.
Whether by hand or electrically cleaned:
- Only with reflection, time and practice can best cleaning results are achieved
- If possible, the teeth immediately after eating sugar candy to be cleaned.
7) brushing
What is important is the technology and Putzdauer: As a rule:
- At least twice daily for 2 minutes and brush your teeth might best after breakfast and after dinner.
The cleaning itself is changing with age: young children with simple circular motion teeth and gums clean.
Schoolchildren should rüttelnde back and forth two teeth on each run.
For adults, the modified Bass technique, according to Figure ...
7.1) after brushing the Bass technique
1. Preparation of the toothbrush at an angle of about 45 degrees per half on gums and teeth.
Optimal massage the teeth and gums. 2. In short powerful movements back and forth herputzen.
Thorough removal of bacterial dental fillings.
3. In the same Putzrhythmus each have 2-3 teeth further back.
Small Putzflächen = better cleaning between the teeth. 4. The relaxation of dental plaque from the gums to wipe crown.
5. As under 3 Cleaning the inner tooth surfaces.
The plaque on the tooth backs can be easily overlooked. 6. Finally, the force Kauflächen about 2-3 teeth cleaning.
Rinsing. Done.
When exposed tooth gaps are so-called interdental brushes room with replaceable cylindrical to conical brush head, the bendable should be strictly advised. There are also dental match with triangular cross section for gentle removal of food waste and bacterial plaque from the tooth spaces usable.
A third and useful tool for cleaning the dental floss. It makes her the effect does not matter whether one or waxed ungewachste products. Ungewachst dental floss is thinner and better glides through narrow gaps. You spleißt in use and thus a larger surface to the desired cleaning effect. Using dental floss can the tooth spaces Plaque free. With the toothbrush to get here is not the goal.
The mouth can shower in patients with orthodontic appliances, etc. very useful. Combined with antibacterial irrigation (eg chlorhexidine gluconate) is an effective tool for people with periodontitis slope.
7.2) toothpastes
In several studies it became clear that bacterial tooth coverings (plaque) less spread when previously with toothpaste and not only was cleaned with water. Thus, toothpaste is more than just a cleaner and no toothpaste means renouncing excipients. For caries prophylaxis me fluoride toothpastes are additional recommended.
Aminfluoridierte products are in their protective effect of the inorganic fluoride products superior. Aminfluoride are surface-active and effective anti-bacterial. Through the combination of network resources and character, they Fluoridierungseffekt the surface tension of saliva contrary, store better in the tooth enamel and lead to an unfavorable distribution of the active substance in the tooth spaces. The Oberflächenaktiviät the Aminofluoride reduces bacterial adhesion to the tooth surface and inhibits plaque growth. These are essential factors of kariesprophylaktischen effect of Aminofluoriden. Additives in toothpastes such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and allantoin Aluminumlactat serve the prevention of gum inflammation. Toothpastes with high Putzkörperanteil lead by Schmiergeleffekt firmly adhering to remove dental fillings. But this caution! Avoid long-term use, so no lasting Putzschäden to the tooth necks can! Sensitive teeth necks with substances such as potassium nitrate, hydroxyapatite, potassium chloride and Trikaliumcitrat products in various trade deals, Essential oils (eg Salbeiöl) in toothpastes may contain, disinfectant and antibacterial effects.
7.3) mouth waters
Mouth waters serve alongside the cosmetic effect of the fresh breath of Keimverminderung in the oral cavity.
Hexetidin and chlorhexidine in the short-term applications well tolerated, have a reasonable time spent on the mucous membranes and reduce plaque sustainable growth.
For the duration of use, these substances are less suitable (interference with the sense of taste is possible, but reversible)!
For Chlorhexidine is obviously a very low resistance rates.
Solutions that are as active metal salts (magnesium, tin and silver salts, Aluminiunchlorat) that are astringent and destroy the enzymatic activity of plaque bacteria.
7.4) Fluorides
In addition to a healthy diet and good dental care is the sole guarantor of fluoride treatment for a reasonable caries prevention. The use of fluoride has increased in recent decades led to a significant reduction of caries in the population!
Because Fluorides harden the tooth enamel and increase the resistance force against the tooth surface acidity.
Fluorides act reparativ at kariösum status (stop incipient caries and make it back)
Fluorides inhibit the growth of plaque bacteria and their metabolism, so that no more harmful acids can be formed.
To ensure high efficiency in the fluoride prophylaxis to achieve should already after birth with fluoride release in consultation with the pediatrician started. The fluoride concentration of drinking water in Germany is generally less than 0.3 mg / liter (the exact values can be obtained from the Waterworks Department). This allows the fluoride content in drinking water by the German Society for Nutrition and the Federal Health Office for not adequately cover held intake!
Age fluoride content of drinking water (mg / l)
Up to 0.3 0.3 - 0.7 above 0.7
1.u 2nd Age of 0.25 mg - --
3. Age of 0.5 mg 0.25 mg --
4.u. 6. Age of 0.75 mg 0.5 mg --
from 7 Age of 1.0 mg 0.5 mg --
A lifelong and regular intake is strictly advisable.
This scheme may be under SCHOLZ 1993 (Dental Forum 1991; Strubelt, O. 1992) attention:
1. Fluoridated toothpaste and systemic fluoridation (eg fluoridated salt)
(or)
2. Fluoridated toothpaste daily and weekly Fluoridgel (eg Elmex jelly)
(or)
3. Fluoridated toothpaste and 0025% to 0.05% daily irrigation
(or)
4. Fluoridated toothpaste daily and 0.1% to 0.2% weekly irrigation
For some time now in Germany salt offered in trade, with fluoride (and also with iodide) is enriched. The fluoride content is 250mg/kg. An overdose is at this concentration and in common use table salt excluded.
Fluorides in Organisums be easily stored, but within a short time through the kidneys. The burden of the brushing teeth with fluoridated toothpaste / solutions and swallowed ausgespülter remains should not be neglected. Even 1500 milliseconds per kilogram toothpaste will be allocated by the legislature classified as completely harmless.
Warning: You should basically just a method of applying Fluoridgabe what the revenue is concerned. Either you decide for fluoride tablets or - tropfen or fluoridated salt. The local administration of fluoridierten toothpastes and solutions (as above recommended), is not affected.
If the water content of 0.7 mg / L fluoride or regular mineral waters with high fluoride content drunk, and should not need fluoride tablets or - or tropfen fluoridated salt used. For infants and toddlers who do not eat salted foods should be the gift of fluoride tablets, and in combination with vitamin D (eg D-Fluoretten), also recommended (see table above)!
Below are some Begriffserklärungen
(ever occurring factors Source: Roche Lexikon Medizin)
Gingivitis Periodontitis (marginalis) Superficialis; superficial inflammation of the Zahnfleischsaums; mechanically by tartar, infectious (sa Gingivostomatitis, stomatitis), toxic (heavy metal poisoning in) or hormone-related or as a local response to general ill health.
Periodontal inflammation of the tooth holding apparatus (Parodontium); sa periodontal disease, but less correct term for Periodontits .- P. marginalis: P. am Zahnfleischsaum or without chronic and progressive in depth - with tooth loosening (later failure), pocket formation.
Periodontosis marginal loss of teeth due restraint apparatus primary regressive, non-inflammatory processes, with rel. small bag of education, but later tooth loosening and loss. Especially cause endogenously; inflammatory Superposition possible. Systematic treatment e.g. with 50 g Parodontoseschiene
Stomatits inflammation of the mouth, usually as St. Simplex only catarrhal with redness, swelling, bleeding, possibly, coatings, halitosis (Foetor ex ore), increased saliva Education (Hypersalivation), difficulty eating. If a self-bacterial, fungal or viral infection (often from a Gingivitits out) or as a response accompanying events or other diseases (such as skin, metabolism, cycles. Infectious Diseases, metal poisoning).
Dental caries caries destruction of tooth structure due to external influences. After several modified-chemical-parasitic theory (Miller 1889) lead sugar (monosaccharides) and the resulting acids Zahndemineralisation and thus trigger the bacterial Z. (or vice versa?); Also important degree of toughness and composition of saliva and its pH . Begins on enamel or tooth at freiliegendem neck on cement; progressing in treatment for non Dentinkaries, possibly continuing pulpitis; leads to defects (cavity) and partial or total loss of the tooth.
In the oral cavity is a warm moist environment and micro-organisms which will offer an ideal habitat. Some of these micro-organisms form a tough, solid adhesive coating on the teeth. Plaque, consisting of a water-insoluble matrix of many sugar building blocks exists. Such mechanically protects build mainly streptococci sucrose (sugar) in a short time to acids (eg lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid). Thus, the pH quickly under the critical point of 5.7 and the saliva may no longer be sufficient composition. The tough plaque still favors the whole. The acids can now directly attack tooth enamel and decalcify or demineralize. It can be used for training chalk white points of the so-called chalk stains. The tooth decay is now with the first visible signs. Cancels now initially contiguous surface layer of the tooth enamel, and is the "hole in the tooth caries manifest.
Important factors that prevent dental caries:
- The saliva, the acids abpuffert (weaken) and as a detergent food away. By then swallowing will reduce the harmful germs.
- Fluorides are salts of the chemical element fluorine, for example in the bone (hydroxyapatite) is contained and thus belongs to the essential trace elements. Fluorides eg from toothpastes and calcium and phosphate from the saliva lead in the chalk mark of Apatite training, making the tooth enamel is remineralized or hardened.
Factors for increased risk of tooth:
- Presence of the bacteria Streptococcus mutans-group
- Excessive enjoyment sugar (sucrose) and / or other fermentable carbohydrates
- A long time these substances contact with the teeth
- Individual features such as: - inadequate rinsing and buffer effect of saliva - bad or negligent dental and oral care - the type of micro-organisms
ALSO:
- There are caries risk patients.
- The most common cause is very much one kariesfördernde nutrition, especially regular consumption of sweets. This micro-organisms found in Streptococcus mutans-group against the best living conditions.
Caries tests: The dentist may, by means of special instructions for testing caries increased caries risk.
2.) Periodontitis / periodontosis:
The periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium (tooth holding apparatus). These include the gums, the tooth root surrounding bony dental specialist, as well as the root of skin. Many short tendon fibers of the root skin hold the tooth in the jawbone. As part of the gums called Saumzellen liability directly on the tooth enamel.
Just like dental caries already mentioned, once again, is the bacterial plaque or the plaque is the cause.
The plaque bacteria multiply very quickly and penetrate between teeth and gums On. Toxic metabolites of live and dead bacteria harmful to Saumzellen (Saumhäutchen) and loosen the adhesive tissue. Lymphocytes (inflammatory cells) also increase the tissue permeability, allowing bacteria and their toxins in the connective tissue of the gums can increasingly penetrate. So there is an inflammation of the gums, which is a reddening and swelling of breath. When brushing the gums bleeding quickly, but this is rarely painful.
The dentist called it initially appears harmless, superficial gingivitis as gingivitis. If the plaque is not removed, then the inflammation in the deep. There are gum pockets. By then deposited food bacterial growth will be further encouraged. The inflammation intensity increases and root skin and bones are damaged. The gum differs more and more back and encourages the free dental necks, which are now very sensitive and painful response.
From the gum inflammation or gingivitis, an inflammation of periodontal disease or tooth restraint apparatus developed.
Because of bone degradation are the teeth loosened or mechanically unstable and can fail. Severe forms of periodontal disease are very often associated with reduced body's own immune system (the body's own immune deficiency) in combination. Treatment by the dentist and oral hygiene conscious of the periodontitis patients can bring to a halt. The injured jaw bone, however, can not renew again!
Therefore, early detection and prompt treatment of periodontal disease is extremely important!
Prevention and treatment of inflammatory processes in the gums
1 The most thorough removal of bacterial dental coverings through regular tooth cleaning with the toothbrush and floss is the most effective way to maintain healthy gums.
2 zinc and tin, including salts of magnesium and copper are the opposite tartar formation. Zinkzitrat This will be particularly favorable, as long as it is liable to the plaque. Also pyrophosphates hinder and disrupt the plaque formation. These substances can only control the spread of tartar reduce but not eliminate them. Has the tartar once to correct his teeth fixed, it must by the dentist completely removed.
3, inflammation and bleeding gums preparations (solutions / rinses and toothpastes) with plant extracts such as myrrh, Ratanhia and essential oils (eg essential Salbeiöl) use. Also coming allantoin and vitamin A are used.
4 A local effect on the inflammatory events have Hexetidin and Chlorhexidindigluconat in various commercial products. Both substances inhibit bacterial growth. Lately, the solutions are also good for Zinnfluorids effective.
3) Nutrition
According to the WHO, the dental caries is one of the most common diseases at all, caused by improper eating habits, it is generally eaten too much sugar. This not only leads to tooth decay, but also other diseases such as cardiovascular disease favor. Nutritionally refined sugar is the inferior food attributed because he has no trace elements, minerals, vitamins and fiber.
Therefore, sugar, sweets, and in many fruit juices occurs be avoided. Better products are natural strength. Fruit chewing the increase salivation by about tenfold. This will remove the sugar quickly washed away.
Safe and recommend fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and unsweetened mineral waters. In second place are safe, for example, bread, butter, sausage, cheese, eggs and milk.
Zuckergesüßte beverages contain hidden calories and should therefore be energetic for the most people among us. Are better in any case, sugar-free and calorie-free or low-calorie beverage (about 250 Kjoule / liter). These offer the advantage that even with great thirst no unnecessary calories and simultaneously fermentable substrate for the bacteria in plaque avoided.
Note: Fruit juices and Süßmost (orange juice, grape juice, etc.) are inherently much sugar. Their sugar mixture may be made by the plaque bacteria acids dismantled.
Therefore: If you go to sugary drinks do not want to, you should note the following:
- Quick to drink, making the retention of sugar in the mouth shortened
- Under no circumstances should infants and toddlers to drink from the stand-alone or with a bottle drinking tubes are used.
- Sugar-free confectionery
- `` THE DENTAL SCREEN `` males with sweets, the sugar-free exchange of material, may, with the males with teeth''umbrella''of the action''tooth friendly eV Darmstadt''on the packaging and advertising.
4) The dental care in the different life
Infancy
- The diet should absolutely be respected now. The best is the breast milk.
- Advisable for bottle-feeding, teas and meals (Gläschennahung) are unsweetened products.
- With the brushing teeth (first teeth from around the 6th month) should be initiated as soon as possible begin.
- Supporting Fluoridgabe (in the form of soluble tablets) in the first and second year of 0.25 mg per day is recommended.
Infant / preschool child
- In a diet with fluoridated Jodsalz (since early 1992 on the market) or fluoridated water (eg Switzerland) and fluoride tablets waived.
- Dental hygiene is still very important because early milk malpositions loss of permanent teeth may lead.
- Toothpastes should always without fruit and sweetener to taste.
- A short children's toothbrush head with wide and short handles and plastic Multituftborsten (three to four and up to 2.5 cm long) is recommended.
- In the third year of life when needed dose of 0.5 mg of fluoride per day and fourth to the sixth year of life 0.75 mg fluoride daily
School children and adolescents
- Generally speaking, the education of children to a reasonable deal with candy individually. Even tooth ends or sugar-free candy is to be preferred. Sugary products should be considered to be eaten. Anyway, then brushing is recommended.
- Support for the dental school through regular dental visits (1 to 2 times per year) is important. Nor should the children of the sense of regular dental care explained.
- Are also preferable short head toothbrushes with Kunststoffmultituftborsten (initially dreireihig to 2.5 cm long, from 10 four years from 2.5 to 3.2 cm long.)
- From the age of seven doses of 1.0 mg fluoride daily.
Adults
- It should continue on a healthy diet should be respected. Fruits, vegetables and whole grain products are sticky foods such as dried fruit, banana and sugar confectionery preferable.
- Now gums are also increasingly suffering in the foreground. First signs of periodontal disease can occur. After serving as dental hygiene and fluoride (in toothpastes and specific solutions) the maintenance of healthy teeth and gums. It won control of the gums increasingly important. Bleeding gums despite regular brushing teeth? Are gum pockets have been formed? Can blood dark colored dyes tartar detected? This would be warning signals that a visit to the dentist is required so that the early stage of periodontal disease can be stopped.
- Recommended short head toothbrushes are made of plastic.
Older people
- Here it is important to remove old traditions false, because sooner Dental was largely unknown. Even among the elderly fluoride prevents the Zahnentkalkung before.
- Fixed Prosthesis such as crowns and bridges require a very intensive care. For example, the necks of the tooth with care überkronten teeth cleaned. Under the bridge links are easy food finds, for example, Shower with the mouth can be washed away.
- Gebißträger should be regularly Gebißreiniger and then use the cleaner remains removed by rinsing thoroughly. The clean the substances that can irritate the mouth and ignite.
- Pressure on agencies by prosthetic gum on the mouth and mucous membranes help essential oils. These protect against infections and are antibacterial.
The period of pregnancy
- In pregnancy there is a significantly increased susceptibility to gum inflammation. Therefore, it is especially on a careful oral hygiene and healthy diet are respected. An increased risk for tooth decay is not pregnant. Dental caries can not be inherited.
5) prophylaxis
The three main points for caries and Parodontitisprohylaxe are:
As accurate as possible and regular dental and oral care
Zahnbewußte nutrition
Fluoride application
Two options are available to the public on the prevention of tooth and gum disease are available.
1. The individual or personal prophylaxis
In collaboration with the dental surgeries performed, the dentist will carry out protective measures (such as removal of tartar), incipient tooth damage and treat periodontal disease, but especially important advice on personal health and preservation of the teeth and gums give. In the infant and toddler age is a part of this task, so expertise and advice from the pediatrician to take over his. If necessary he will visit the dentist recommended. The recommended measures will be implemented at home.
2. Prophylaxis group
This serves to smooth coverage of preschool and school children and is supported by the school doctor. This can be achieved even children, at home to little or no dental care will be mentored.
6) dental cleaning and oral care
Toothbrush
We recommend a so-called Multituft toothbrush (large short-bristle brush head) with a short head, rounded bristles and the strength of medium-hard to soft. From natural bristles is discouraged, because in her hair Channel bacteria can settle. Even plastic bristles are more compact and stable, resilient and hygienic. Children's toothbrushes have a small head and a children's hands are particularly suitable handle.
Attention: toothbrush does not use too long!
A toothbrush, which is used several times a day, should not exceed 2 to 3 months be used! If the bristles of the shape and they are scrubby, the toothbrush is unfit. (200 cleaning operations / toothbrush).
Electric toothbrushes do not offer any advantage over the traditional manual toothbrushes. However, you can help children, brushing playful interesting to learn. The results of both cleaning methods are equivalent.
Whether by hand or electrically cleaned:
- Only with reflection, time and practice can best cleaning results are achieved
- If possible, the teeth immediately after eating sugar candy to be cleaned.
7) brushing
What is important is the technology and Putzdauer: As a rule:
- At least twice daily for 2 minutes and brush your teeth might best after breakfast and after dinner.
The cleaning itself is changing with age: young children with simple circular motion teeth and gums clean.
Schoolchildren should rüttelnde back and forth two teeth on each run.
For adults, the modified Bass technique, according to Figure ...
7.1) after brushing the Bass technique
1. Preparation of the toothbrush at an angle of about 45 degrees per half on gums and teeth.
Optimal massage the teeth and gums. 2. In short powerful movements back and forth herputzen.
Thorough removal of bacterial dental fillings.
3. In the same Putzrhythmus each have 2-3 teeth further back.
Small Putzflächen = better cleaning between the teeth. 4. The relaxation of dental plaque from the gums to wipe crown.
5. As under 3 Cleaning the inner tooth surfaces.
The plaque on the tooth backs can be easily overlooked. 6. Finally, the force Kauflächen about 2-3 teeth cleaning.
Rinsing. Done.
When exposed tooth gaps are so-called interdental brushes room with replaceable cylindrical to conical brush head, the bendable should be strictly advised. There are also dental match with triangular cross section for gentle removal of food waste and bacterial plaque from the tooth spaces usable.
A third and useful tool for cleaning the dental floss. It makes her the effect does not matter whether one or waxed ungewachste products. Ungewachst dental floss is thinner and better glides through narrow gaps. You spleißt in use and thus a larger surface to the desired cleaning effect. Using dental floss can the tooth spaces Plaque free. With the toothbrush to get here is not the goal.
The mouth can shower in patients with orthodontic appliances, etc. very useful. Combined with antibacterial irrigation (eg chlorhexidine gluconate) is an effective tool for people with periodontitis slope.
7.2) toothpastes
In several studies it became clear that bacterial tooth coverings (plaque) less spread when previously with toothpaste and not only was cleaned with water. Thus, toothpaste is more than just a cleaner and no toothpaste means renouncing excipients. For caries prophylaxis me fluoride toothpastes are additional recommended.
Aminfluoridierte products are in their protective effect of the inorganic fluoride products superior. Aminfluoride are surface-active and effective anti-bacterial. Through the combination of network resources and character, they Fluoridierungseffekt the surface tension of saliva contrary, store better in the tooth enamel and lead to an unfavorable distribution of the active substance in the tooth spaces. The Oberflächenaktiviät the Aminofluoride reduces bacterial adhesion to the tooth surface and inhibits plaque growth. These are essential factors of kariesprophylaktischen effect of Aminofluoriden. Additives in toothpastes such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and allantoin Aluminumlactat serve the prevention of gum inflammation. Toothpastes with high Putzkörperanteil lead by Schmiergeleffekt firmly adhering to remove dental fillings. But this caution! Avoid long-term use, so no lasting Putzschäden to the tooth necks can! Sensitive teeth necks with substances such as potassium nitrate, hydroxyapatite, potassium chloride and Trikaliumcitrat products in various trade deals, Essential oils (eg Salbeiöl) in toothpastes may contain, disinfectant and antibacterial effects.
7.3) mouth waters
Mouth waters serve alongside the cosmetic effect of the fresh breath of Keimverminderung in the oral cavity.
Hexetidin and chlorhexidine in the short-term applications well tolerated, have a reasonable time spent on the mucous membranes and reduce plaque sustainable growth.
For the duration of use, these substances are less suitable (interference with the sense of taste is possible, but reversible)!
For Chlorhexidine is obviously a very low resistance rates.
Solutions that are as active metal salts (magnesium, tin and silver salts, Aluminiunchlorat) that are astringent and destroy the enzymatic activity of plaque bacteria.
7.4) Fluorides
In addition to a healthy diet and good dental care is the sole guarantor of fluoride treatment for a reasonable caries prevention. The use of fluoride has increased in recent decades led to a significant reduction of caries in the population!
Because Fluorides harden the tooth enamel and increase the resistance force against the tooth surface acidity.
Fluorides act reparativ at kariösum status (stop incipient caries and make it back)
Fluorides inhibit the growth of plaque bacteria and their metabolism, so that no more harmful acids can be formed.
To ensure high efficiency in the fluoride prophylaxis to achieve should already after birth with fluoride release in consultation with the pediatrician started. The fluoride concentration of drinking water in Germany is generally less than 0.3 mg / liter (the exact values can be obtained from the Waterworks Department). This allows the fluoride content in drinking water by the German Society for Nutrition and the Federal Health Office for not adequately cover held intake!
Age fluoride content of drinking water (mg / l)
Up to 0.3 0.3 - 0.7 above 0.7
1.u 2nd Age of 0.25 mg - --
3. Age of 0.5 mg 0.25 mg --
4.u. 6. Age of 0.75 mg 0.5 mg --
from 7 Age of 1.0 mg 0.5 mg --
A lifelong and regular intake is strictly advisable.
This scheme may be under SCHOLZ 1993 (Dental Forum 1991; Strubelt, O. 1992) attention:
1. Fluoridated toothpaste and systemic fluoridation (eg fluoridated salt)
(or)
2. Fluoridated toothpaste daily and weekly Fluoridgel (eg Elmex jelly)
(or)
3. Fluoridated toothpaste and 0025% to 0.05% daily irrigation
(or)
4. Fluoridated toothpaste daily and 0.1% to 0.2% weekly irrigation
For some time now in Germany salt offered in trade, with fluoride (and also with iodide) is enriched. The fluoride content is 250mg/kg. An overdose is at this concentration and in common use table salt excluded.
Fluorides in Organisums be easily stored, but within a short time through the kidneys. The burden of the brushing teeth with fluoridated toothpaste / solutions and swallowed ausgespülter remains should not be neglected. Even 1500 milliseconds per kilogram toothpaste will be allocated by the legislature classified as completely harmless.
Warning: You should basically just a method of applying Fluoridgabe what the revenue is concerned. Either you decide for fluoride tablets or - tropfen or fluoridated salt. The local administration of fluoridierten toothpastes and solutions (as above recommended), is not affected.
If the water content of 0.7 mg / L fluoride or regular mineral waters with high fluoride content drunk, and should not need fluoride tablets or - or tropfen fluoridated salt used. For infants and toddlers who do not eat salted foods should be the gift of fluoride tablets, and in combination with vitamin D (eg D-Fluoretten), also recommended (see table above)!
Below are some Begriffserklärungen
(ever occurring factors Source: Roche Lexikon Medizin)
Gingivitis Periodontitis (marginalis) Superficialis; superficial inflammation of the Zahnfleischsaums; mechanically by tartar, infectious (sa Gingivostomatitis, stomatitis), toxic (heavy metal poisoning in) or hormone-related or as a local response to general ill health.
Periodontal inflammation of the tooth holding apparatus (Parodontium); sa periodontal disease, but less correct term for Periodontits .- P. marginalis: P. am Zahnfleischsaum or without chronic and progressive in depth - with tooth loosening (later failure), pocket formation.
Periodontosis marginal loss of teeth due restraint apparatus primary regressive, non-inflammatory processes, with rel. small bag of education, but later tooth loosening and loss. Especially cause endogenously; inflammatory Superposition possible. Systematic treatment e.g. with 50 g Parodontoseschiene
Stomatits inflammation of the mouth, usually as St. Simplex only catarrhal with redness, swelling, bleeding, possibly, coatings, halitosis (Foetor ex ore), increased saliva Education (Hypersalivation), difficulty eating. If a self-bacterial, fungal or viral infection (often from a Gingivitits out) or as a response accompanying events or other diseases (such as skin, metabolism, cycles. Infectious Diseases, metal poisoning).
Dental caries caries destruction of tooth structure due to external influences. After several modified-chemical-parasitic theory (Miller 1889) lead sugar (monosaccharides) and the resulting acids Zahndemineralisation and thus trigger the bacterial Z. (or vice versa?); Also important degree of toughness and composition of saliva and its pH . Begins on enamel or tooth at freiliegendem neck on cement; progressing in treatment for non Dentinkaries, possibly continuing pulpitis; leads to defects (cavity) and partial or total loss of the tooth.
